Psychological Foundation of Education

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (University of the City of Manila) Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila Graduate School of Arts, Sciences and outgrowth Course Code and TitleFoundation of breeding TitlePsychological Foundation ProfessorDr. Ofelia D. Lazarte see to itMarch 8, 2008 Teaching and knowledge be labyrinthian carry outes that bring people together. While teaching comprise of behaviors be practiced by the teacher to urge on and development of the individual, schooling implies a relatively enduring change in behavior potentiality resulting from ontogenesis and experience.Teaching and learning ar both psychological processes. They are the main concerns of the teacher since learning is the ultimate visualise of teaching. The teacher who has a knowledge of the theories and principles of human development specifically intellectual development can design learning activities appropriate apprentice and go out recruit effective learning. The educative process has car dinal components namely, the learner who is the center of the educative process in a school, the teachers who provides needed learning opportunities ands guide learners, and the learning process undertaken to achieve the desired outcomes.thither are two world(a) factors that affect the human development heredity and environment. genetic endowment and environment complement and supplement each former(a) in every phase of growth and development. In the life span of human beings, there are st suppurates of development based on the chronological age of individuals. These are prenatal period, infancy or babyhood, betimes childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and doddering age. Corresponding to each stage are trustworthy characteristics and mixer expectations termed developmental tasks.Several theories of development were formulated by psychologists to explain behavioural changes at various stages of development. The quintette theories of development a re Piagets surmisal of cognitive development, Vygotskys speculation of development, Eriksons psychological possibility of development, Freuds psychoanalytic theory and Kohlbergs theory of moral development. For successful teaching, educators should understand variations among individuals. They show physical, intellectual, and behavioral differences.Learning is the acquisition through maturation and experience of rising and more knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will enable the learner to read better and more adequate re fills, responses, and adjustments to new situations and conditions. An understand of the nature of learning and the conditions under which learning takes adjust is very all important(p) to the teacher. in that location are three types of learning Cognitive learning which pertains to the acquisition of knowledge, facts and information, principles, ideas, opinions, understanding, reasoning.Affective learning which involves the process of acquiring good att itudes ideas, judgment and determine and Psychomotor learning which involves the use of the muscles in physical movement. Learning theories are classified as behavioral learning theories and cognitive learning theories. Among the behavioral theories are Thorndikes connectionism Skinners operant conditioning Pavlovs classical conditioning and Albert Banduras social learning theories. Cognitive theories of learning emphasize the concept that learning is a process of discovering and understanding relationships.Among the cognitive theories are Kurt Lewins field theory, Kohlers insight theory, Ausebelss meaningful learning theory, Bruners cognitive theory, and information-processing theories. The teacher is the key factor in the schoolroom learning situation. She performs varied roles as model, manager, counselor, facilitator and justice of learning. Motivation is the process of arousing and sustaining interest in act in order to achieve a goal. There are two kinds of motivation int rinsic and adscititious motivation. Intrinsic is an internal comment that arouses one to action while extrinsic motivation is an external stimulus to action.It comes in the form of praise, high grades, medals, incentives, etc. There are various theories of motivation related to learning. A well-known theory of motivation is by Abraham Maslow. early(a) motivation theories are David McClellands need achievement theory and attribution theory. Communication is also very important in the learning situation. In the classroom, different patterns of classroom interaction are adopted by the teacher and students ensure effective learning. Knowing and understanding learning styles will enables the teacher to design strategies and methods of teaching that will match diversity of learning styles among pupils.